伊多語 - 分詞—被動式

 

分詞—被動式

現在式被動分詞(the present passive participle) -ata:
letro skribata = a letter (that is) being written正在寫一封信;
vorto kantata = a word (being) sung 正在唱歌.

過去式被動分詞  -ita:
letro skribita = a letter (that has been) written 已寫的信;
lavita vesti = washed clothes 洗過的衣服;
celita klefo = hidden key藏起來的錀匙;
libro perdita = a lost book不見的書.

未來式被動分詞 -ota:
letro skribota = a letter (that is going) to be written 將要寫一封信;
la jetota bulo = the ball that is (yet) to be thrown 還沒丟出的球.

Never use or (as we do in English) as an auxiliary to form tenses.

**切勿使用 "to have" 或 "to do" （像在英語中一樣）來輔助時態。  
Ni esas vidata = we are (being) seen. 我們看見
Ni esas vidita = we have been seen (literally "we are having-been-seen").
Ni vidis la kato = we saw the cat, or we have seen the cat.我們看過貓。
Ni esas trovota = we are (going) to be found, or we will be found.我們會發現
Ni esis salvata da nia hundo = we were (being) saved by our dog.我們被狗救了
Ni esis (ja) salvita = we had been saved, or we were (already) saved. 我們會得救

通過在詞根和所需動詞結尾之間使用後綴 -es- 將主動動詞變為被動。
(An active verb is made passive by using the suffix es between the root and the required verb ending.)

例如，vidas 是 "看見"，videsas(vid-es-as) 是 "被看見"。
For example, vidas means 'sees', but videsas (vid-es-as) means 'is seen'. 所以 ni esas trovota（我們被找到） 可以寫成 ni trovesos (我們被找到)。
類似, ol trovesis = 它找到。

後綴 -ab- 與動詞一起使用，作為以 -inta 結尾之類，較長形式的可選替代形式，並以動詞esar（成為）的適當形式開頭。

以下示例顯示了這一點：

skribabis (sbrib-ab-is) = esis skribinta = 寫過;
vendabos (vend-ab-os) = esos vendinta = 會賣出;
vidabas (vid-ab-as) = esas vidinta = 看過.

PS: 主動分詞表示動作或狀態用來修飾它的主語:
        被動分詞表示動作或狀態用來修飾它的賓語: